Научный архив: статьи

The article provides a discussion of legal regulation of social relations by the Interparliamentary Assembly of the CIS Member States with regard to AI and other advanced information technologies, identifiable regulatory gaps, conceptual framework, analysis of possible use scenarios and related risks, as well as the range of problems to be addressed by regulation on a priority basis. It contains a brief overview of how AI-related social relations are regulated in the CIS member states. While all these countries admit the importance of such regulation, none has developed a clear understanding of a number of issues, only to stress the relevance of developing a draft model law on AI technologies. The authors demonstrate the following common problems of regulating these relations in the CIS member states: identifying the regulatory scope and the parties concerned and, importantly, addressing the issues of liability including what party (AI technology rights holder, developer, system operator etc.) and in what case will assume a particular type of liability (administrative, civil, financial, criminal). Another important aspect is also discussed — digitization and advanced digital technologies shaping “new” digital personal rights — with an analysis and brief overview being provided. The study purports to identify the trend and opportunities for public regulation of AI and other advanced digital applications. With this in mind, the authors discuss possible regulatory vectors in the given area in light of the risks related to operational specifics of digital technologies, and identify groups of social relations to be adequately addressed by legal regulation. With digitization covering an ever wider range of social relations, the problems to be addressed by law include the protection of personal rights as well as prevention of nondiscrimination of individuals and economic agents. The article employs a number of scientific methods of inquiry, general and special research methods including the formal law method. The general research methods include systemic, dialectic, structural systemic, analytical/synthetic, inductive and deductive methods, abstraction, simulation. The article concludes that, while the CIS countries are at different regulatory stages in the discussed area, there is no comprehensive regulation, with only individual provisions and regulations in place to govern specific aspects of AI use. A model law, once developed, will allow to lay the ground for comprehensive regulation of the discussed relations by the national legislation.

The authors consider motor activity as one of the main factors in maintaining the health of students. The analysis of the student’s daily living activity with su cient and de cient motor activity is carried out. Many programs have been studied that contribute to improving the motion state of students. Revelance. Today, due to the “digitalization” and the increase in online goods and services, the problem of health impairment related to a sedentary lifestyle. Especially it’s actual for students who devote most of their time to study and put their physical health on the back or even on a back burner. In addition, the information ow increases, which students have to process that is educational literature, some classes - everything goes to online mode. It leads to an even greater deterioration and acute condition of the student’s health. Goals and objectives. The working purpose is to provide an overview of scienti c publications on this topic, to identify the sources of deterioration of youth health, to get acquainted with the in uence of motor mode on the student’s life and to conduct an analysis of various programs in this eld. Materials and research methods. Scienti c sources published in the scienti c electronic library elibrary (website https://elibrary. ru) were used as research materials. Research methods: study of scienti c literary sources, review of scienti c publications. Results and discussion. The positive e ect of students’ motor activity on health has been proved scienti cally. The state and society are interested in educating and creating a healthy nation. Scientists and specialists develop many methods and programs on this issue every year, but despite all made e orts, the trend of deteriorating health still conserves. Conclision. In literature and science, there is a su cient number of programs and techniques aimed at increasing students’ motor activity. Society needs not only to develop this problem on a threoretical level, but also to introduce the proposed solutions in the eld of higher education of students actively.

The work is devoted to the study and analysis of hydrodynamic and climatic loads on hydraulic structures of the Neva Bay – the eastern part of the Gulf of Finland, which is exposed to significant anthropogenic and natural impacts. The geographical position of the Neva Bay, as well as the complex of flood protection structures of St. Petersburg, affect the predicted load levels. In these conditions, special attention is paid to the design and operation of pontoons and other hydraulic structures resistant to waves, ice cover and wind loads. The study calculated the wave-protective characteristics and stability of pontoons used in the Neva Bay as moorings for small vessels. The main parameters of wave loads were estimated using wave models, which made it possible to take into account irregular water oscillations and their effect on the dynamic behavior of structures. A test was carried out for the stability of pontoons with various configurations of anchor systems that ensure their fixation at a given point in the water area. The simulation showed that under conditions of irregular waves and changing water levels, floating structures experience significant loads that are distributed to the anchor system and require accurate calculations to ensure reliability. Additionally, ice and wind load on hydraulic structures, loads associated with thermal expansion of ice, changes in water levels, and wind effects were studied, taking into account the characteristics of ships of different lengths and above-water heights. The simulation results make it possible to identify key operating conditions for protective and berthing structures in the Neva Bay and provide information for inclusion in the information model of the water area, which will allow predicting the behavior of structures under changing natural and climatic conditions.

Foam solution discharge is always accompanied by changes in the operating pressure due to different pressure losses along the pipeline in automatic foam extinguishing systems. Changes in the operating pressure affect the process of a liquid jet fragmentation into droplets and the formation of foam films. Therefore, to increase the accuracy of calculations when designing automatic foam extinguishing systems, it is worthwhile to evaluate the main characteristics of the foam in terms of fire extinguishing efficiency, in particular, its expansion. For this purpose, the generalization of the experimental data using the theory of similarity and taking into consideration the hydrodynamic features of the deflector type sprinkler operation and the properties of foam solution was carried out to develop a novel simplified mathematical model. This model allows to predict the foam expansion depending on the geometric parameters of the sprinkler elements and the empirical coefficient, which takes into account the peculiarities of the chemical composition of the foam concentrate. This new model predictions of foam expansion show good agreement with the experimentally measured foam expansion. The average error in foam expansion was less than 9 %.

The paper focuses on the probabilistic evaluation of oil and gas resources with the models and methods of AHP/ANP analysis. The AHP/ANP models are shown to be the particular cases of finite Markov chains, i. e. discrete random processes with Markov property. An integrated method (Markov expert logical analysis (МELA)) is proposed. The method is based on the models, methods and algorithms of Markov chains theory. This basis will stimulate the progress in research on multi-criteria decision-making problems that arise in various spheres. The paper presents different methods using MELA to allow for the uncertainty of numeric and nonnumeric data on gas reserves as methods of transformation of expert estimations into the probability distributions. Typical logical schemes are proposed for multi-criteria comparison of analogous objects, to take account of possible errors in porosity evaluation and to estimate project life.

Currently, an increasing number of fiber-optic communication lines are reaching the end of their predetermined service life, yet the quality indicators of these lines still allow for continued operation. To extend the actual operational life of these lines, it is necessary to conduct high-quality monitoring of both the current status of all components and the dynamics of key indicators. This article proposes a method for addressing the challenge of maintaining communication network reliability while continuing to use optical cables after their warranty period has expired. A study of random values of the attenuation coefficient and polarization mode dispersion of an optical fiber, supported by actual operational data from a network segment, shows high temporal stability in the attenuation coefficient and polarization mode dispersion of optical fiber type G.652. This conclusion allows us to discuss the continued operation of optical cables after the warranty period. To analyze the key aging metric, mathematical models are used that take into account the physical and chemical properties of cables as well as the conditions of their proof-tests. Using an example related to the current state of Russian fiber optic networks, we calculate the number of emergency reserve elements necessary to maintain the reliability of their operation. Practical recommendations for the placement of emergency reserve are also provided.

The paper presents a new multimodal approach to analyzing the psycho-emotional state of a person using nonlinear classifiers. The main modalities are the subject’s speech data and video data of facial expressions. Speech is digitized and transcribed using the Scribe library, and then mood cues are extracted using the Titanis sentiment analyzer from the FRC CSC RAS. For visual analysis, two different approaches were implemented: a pre-trained ResNet model for direct sentiment classification from facial expressions, and a deep learning model that integrates ResNet with a graph-based deep neural network for facial recognition. Both approaches have faced challenges related to environmental factors affecting the stability of results. The second approach demonstrated greater flexibility with adjustable classification vocabularies, which facilitated post-deployment calibration. Integration of text and visual data has significantly improved the accuracy and reliability of the analysis of a person’s psycho-emotional state

The article discusses the problem of estimating the reliability of distributed data storage systems. The author concludes that classical models do not consider many of the capabilities of modern distributed systems, such as the ability of automatic data recovery on the rest of nodes. Such ability depends on several factors, including free and used space on nodes. This process means that such a system can recover nodes loss independently without the interaction with other agents, as system administrators, which might be required to configure new nodes for data recovery. After that, the author describes the main components of such a system, which reliability should be calculated. The parameters which are used in such an automatic data recovery are defined and added to the well-known methodology-based reliability estimating model for RAID. At the end, modelling of various data storage systems is carried out and the result of reliability estimation of these systems is compared with the systems that are based on the proposed automatic data recovery model.

Relevance: The knowledge economy in developing countries like Russia and India is dynamic and ever-changing. By researching the relationship between intellectual capital and financial performance, banks can create plans to manage their intangible assets efficiently, improving their financial performance, spur more innovation, and providing them with a competitive advantage. Research objective. This research aims to study the impact of the intellectual capital of the top banking companies in Russia and India on their financial performance. This research will investigate the potential effects of the following knowledge economy quirks on the correlation between financial performance and intellectual capital. Data and methods. This study includes a sample of the top eleven Russian banking companies constituents of the Moscow index and equivalent number of Indian Banking companies constituents of National Stock Exchange of India from 2011 to 2022. PLS-PM analysis has been employed to identify the intellectual capital components that predict the firm’s performance and the effect of intellectual capital components on the firm’s financial performance. Results. The path model results validate the model fit and provide compelling evidence for the Intellectual Capital framework’s theoretical underpinnings. The study offers evidence from the Russian and the Indian banking sector that intellectual capital significantly impacts performance. Conclusions. It is focused on the new strategy the government has chosen regarding the associated intellectual property. Even if the financial structures under analysis are sound, impending competitive challenges will compel banking companies to pay more attention to intellectual capital. The knowledge stock derived from intellectual capital, as a proxy variable for a global perspective on banking intellectual capital, is the most substantial scientific evidence regarding intellectual capital (IC) in the banking industry.

Relevance. Electronic commerce (e-commerce) and social commerce (s-commerce) are transforming business and consumer behaviour in Southeast Asia, propelled by digital advancements and increased internet and smartphone usage. This trend is significantly influencing economic growth and market dynamics in these emerging economies. Research Objective. This study aims to perform a comparative analysis of e-commerce and s-commerce across Southeast Asian countries. Additionally, it seeks to explore the evolution from e-commerce to s-commerce in emerging economies, examining the opportunities and challenges embedded in this transition, and discussing the implications for businesses and consumers alike. Data and Methods. To achieve these objectives, we used a quantitative approach, surveying 872 Thai participants through an online questionnaire using a convenience sampling technique. Additionally, we analyzed the data comparing e-commerce and s-commerce across Southeast Asian countries using the documentary method and content analysis. Results. Consumer spending through e-commerce and s-commerce has a significant positive impact on economic growth in Thailand, surpassing the impact of government spending. Private consumption, a substantial component of Thailand’s GDP, stimulates production, investment, and job creation, fostering overall economic advancement. In Southeast Asia, distinct e-commerce trends are evident: Thailand benefits from high internet and smartphone usage, Indonesia from robust social media engagement, and Vietnam from a focus on social commerce and mobile, cross-border e-commerce. These diverse trends underscore the necessity for businesses to tailor their strategies to each country’s unique consumer behaviors and preferences. Conclusions. The study confirms the significant impact of electronic consumption through e-commerce and social media on GDP growth. This form of consumption not only drives demand but also creates jobs, enhances efficiency, and opens up opportunities for international trade, fostering sustained economic development. In light of these findings, governments are advised to bolster digital infrastructure and support businesses in their digital transition. Meanwhile, businesses are recommended to adapt to digital models, emphasize consumer engagement, expand globally through online platforms, and integrate sustainable practices. Collectively, these measures are designed to harness the full potential of electronic consumption for sustainable and robust economic growth.

Проведено исследование научных подходов к определению понятия «MICE-туризм». Дана характеристика особенностей его организации, представлено авторское видение терминологии. Определены характеристики основных направлений MICE-туризма, направленные на организацию и проведение корпоративных встреч, конференций, поощрительных и мотивационных туров, организацию проведения выставок и других имиджевых мероприятий. Установлены основные отличия данного вида туризма, представлены его характерные преимущества. На базе научных публикаций и структуры указанной индустрии составлена авторская классификация мероприятий, определены результаты их организации.