Фактор человеческого потенциала является решающим для развития любой организации. В работе были приведены основные задачи руководства и персонала в управлении инновационными процессами; типовые рекомендации по улучшению инновационного климата организации; особенности научно-производственных компаний.
Статья посвящена особенностям научной коммуникации студентов и молодых научных специалистов России. Рассмотрена актуальность и постановка проблемы. Выявлены общие источники научной коммуникации у студентов в России, определены их преимущества и недостатки. Также в статье представлены результаты сравнительного анализа существующих сервисов научной коммуникации в России. Показано, что ни один из рассмотренных сервисов не удовлетворяет всем выявленным требованиям к научной коммуникации студентов в России, потому в качестве решения предлагается создание инновационной платформы с необходимой функциональностью.
Objective: to evaluate the immediate and long-term outcomes of revision total knee arthroplasty using porous metaphyseal sleeves and cones.
Materials and Methods. The study included 134 patients who underwent revision total knee arthroplasty. The patients were distributed among two groups based on the type of metaphyseal fixator: sleeves (Group I, n=97 patients) and cones (Group II, n=37 patients). Surgical outcomes were assessed upon discharge from the hospital (after the hospital stay of 7-12 days), as well as after 6, 12 and 24 months after surgery. The survival rate of endoprostheses was analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method. A revision with total replacement of the endoprosthesis or its components was considered a critical event.
Results. The analysis of the survival rate of endoprostheses in the form of various metaphyseal fixators showed that the groups of sleeves and cones did not differ statistically significantly as suggested by the logrank test (Mantel–Cox): p=0.108. Conclusion. The midterm follow-up revealed no difference in clinical, functional, or radiological outcomes of revision total knee arthroplasty performed for types 2A, 2B, and 3 of bone defect replacement (sensu Anderson Orthopaedic Research Institute classification) using trabecular metal metaphyseal cones vs. sleeves.
Objective: to evaluate the activity of oxidative stress in rats with stepwise incomplete cerebral ischemia (SICI). Material and methods. Experiments were performed on 24 male outbred rats weighing 260±20 g, allocated into 3 subgroups (6 animals in each) based on time of ligation of both common carotid arteries (CCA). The control group comprised of sham-operated rats of the same sex and similar weights (n=6). To identify the pro-oxidant–antioxidant state of the brain based on its homogenates, the activity of lipid peroxidation processes, the content of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), the concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH), total thiol groups (TSH), and the activity of glutathione peroxidase were determined.
Results. SICI with ligation interval of both CCAs of 1 day and 3 days led to a significant decrease in the total SH groups of proteins and glutathione by 30% (p=0.038) and 46% (p=0.044), respectively, TBARS concentration by 29% (p=0.038) and 31% (p=0.043), respectively. SICI with the maximum interval between CCA ligations was manifested by less pronounced changes in the pro-oxidant–antioxidant state of the brain.
Conclusion. In SICI with ligation of both CCAs 7 days apart, at which histological changes were the least pronounced, changes in the pro-oxidant–antioxidant balance were insignificant. The most pronounced disorders of the pro-oxidant–antioxidant balance in the brain were observed in the subgroup with the minimum interval between CCA ligations, which implied the highest activity of oxidative stress.
Objective: To assess the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of a digital algorithm based on convolutional neural networks used for restoring the lost surface of the skull bones.
Materials and methods. The neural network was trained over 6,000 epochs on 78,000 variants of skull models with artificially generated skull injuries. The key parameters of the algorithm were assessed on 222 series of multislice computed tomography (MSCT) of patients with defects of the skull bones, presented in DICOM format.
Results. For the group as a whole, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy rates were 95.3%, 85.5%, and 79.4%, respectively. Multiple experiments were conducted with a step-by-step elimination of 3D models in order to find the underlying cause of unsatisfactory outcomes of the skull lost surface restoration. Incorrect identification of the defect zone most often occurred in the area of the facial skeleton. After excluding series with the presence of artifacts, the mean increase in metrics was 2.6%. Conclusion. The accuracy of identifying the reference points (specificity) on a 3D model of the skull by the algorithm had the greatest impact on the ultimate accuracy of repairing the lost surface. The maximum accuracy of the algorithm allowing the use of the resulting surfaces without additional processing in a 3D modeling environment was achieved in series without the presence of artifacts in computed tomography (83.5%), as well as with defects that did not extend to the base of the skull (79.5%).
Objective: to determine the prognostic value of skin autofluorescence (SAF) as a factor of cardiovascular complications and mortality.
Materials and Methods. Our prospective study included 122 patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD): atherosclerotic stenosis of the brachiocephalic trunk was detected in 95 patient (77.9%), while chronic arterial insufficiency (CAI) of the lower limbs was found in 47 study participants (38.5%). SAF was measured by an original device developed by the authors. Clinical, anthropometric and biochemicalparameters, along with instrumental parameters of the heart and blood vessels, were studied via ultrasound examination. The prospective part of the study (follow-up) was carried out for up to 1,043 (on average, 736) days. Results.The SAF parameter correlated directly and significantly with scores on the scale of clinical prognostic signs, CAIof the lower limbs, and history of surgeries on the leg arteries. In the course of the follow-up period, there were seven deaths and at least one hospitalization for cardiovascular reasons in 42 patients. The most common were hospitalizations due to conservative treatment of CAI, the need for coronary artery bypass grafting, and coronary stenting. Using the logistic regression method, we determined that the incidence of hospitalization or mortality was associated with SAF values, plasma glucosecontent, and the presence of chronic heart failure above functional class 1. The sensitivity and specificity of the model were 71% and 68%, respectively.
Conclusion.The SAF parameter can be used as an integral independent predictor in patients with multifocal atherosclerosis.
Статья содержит характеристику цивилизационного кризиса XXI века. Рассматривается, как данный феномен находит отражение в различных сферах человеческой культуры.
Статья содержит характеристику функционирования культурной транзитивности. Данное понятие рассматривается наряду со смежным понятием «цивилизационного транзита» в контексте исторического развития человечества.
Журналист, который берется освещать вопросы культурной тематики, должен обладать широким кругозором, быть начитанным, иметь определенный багаж знаний, позволяющий доступно излагать вопросы культурологической проблематики. В связи с этим возрастают и требования к подготовке будущих журналистов, где ключевой задачей педагогики является обеспечение успешного перехода обучающихся от теории к практике. Особое внимание в статье уделяется написанию «гибридных» текстов культурной тематики для учебного гиперлокального издания, что предлагается рассматривать как переходную форму к дальнейшему развитию у студентов профессиональных компетенций. Автор предлагает рассмотреть заявленную тему через призму концепции marketing mix.
В романах В. Пелевина речь идет о ментальном переходе, вызванном развитием технологий. В своих рассуждениях о технологической трансформации человечества писатель неизменно ироничен. Понимая реальность как «экономическое понятие», не имеющее отношения ни к идеологии, ни к философии, Пелевин в романе «KGBT+» показывает трансформацию творчества в трансляцию«векторной суммы проплаченных нарративов планеты». Имплант-технологии, о которых пишет Пелевин, коммерциализируют восприятие и аффекты потребителей. Тема технологического бессмертия, обсуждаемая в романе, превращается в набор триггеров трансмедийного сторителлинга, главными из которых являются: повышенная мера интертекстуальности, ирония, доходящая до цинизма, бессмысленное упоминание прецедентных текстов, имён, мировоззренческих концептов.